I suspected this was some sort of stealth gotcha about "beats" or something.
Well, he's discussing two waveforms at the same frequency, so beats aren't even a concern. You just get constructive or destructive interference depending on phase. He was clearly trying to post some sort of gotcha about reconstruction error at the critical Nyquist frequency, but no one gives a shit about that, because it's a.) a completely well-understood phenomenon, and b.) everything in recording and mastering is designed around
avoiding it (hence 20kHz low-pass filtering on a 44.1kHz sampled signal). In fact, it's worth noting that 44.1 kHz was only ever intended to reproduce 20-20,000 Hz, with the extra frequency overhead to account for precisely this issue (and to make the transition band of real rather than theoretical low-pass filters easier and cheaper to implement). The
exact 44.1 kHz number came from
PCM adaptors that stored audio on video cassettes. Yes, it's weird, but it's a thing that happened in the early days of digital audio.
I do enjoy the insinuation that some extra information will magically appear from old SRV masters that were frequency-limited by the physics of reel-to-reel analog tape to 20-ish kHz. The best numbers I've seen from R2R at high speed (15 or 30 IPS) is significant (>6dB) dropoff in frequency response at about 23kHz. Or if it was mastered post-digital changeover, it was probably done on DAT, or possibly the afore-mentioned 44.1kHz videocassette, And guess what sampling rates DAT supported: 32, 44.1, and 48 kHz*. Whoops.
* (of note, there was in fact a 96 kHz/24 bit DAT standard, and an earlier 96 kHz/16 bit proprietary format by Pioneer, but both were released 6+ years after Vaughan's death.)