Scales helped reptiles conquer the land—when did they first evolve?

I have doubts about how this is being reported here:

"Strikingly, these tail prints come complete with scale impressions—at 300 million years old, they’re among the earliest scale impressions we have. This may seem small, but it shows us that some of the hardened skin structures necessary for our ancestors to survive on land had evolved much earlier than previously suspected." ... what?

This is in Permian already, amniotic eggs are already common etc, this isn't that particularly early, certainly not for "surviving on land" to be anything at all novel for vertebrates at the time. And why would scales be anything odd after the Carboniferous rainforest collapse, climate has dried up and presumably that's why the, loosely speaking, reptile-like amniotes have become dominant over their other, again loosely speaking amphibian-like, tetrapod cousins, some millions of years prior to this? Far from much earlier than suspected, isn't this in fact exactly when you'd expect scales to appear?

The abstract seems to be saying something completely different from this article's perspective:

"... still unresolved question of whether the ability to form corneous skin appendages is an apomorphy of a common ancestor of amphibians and amniotes or evolved independently in both groups. ... The traces can be unambiguously attributed to diadectids and are interpreted as the globally first evidence of horned scales in tetrapods close to the origin of amniotes.Taking hitherto little-noticed scaly skin impressions of lepospondyl stem amniotes from the early Permian of Germany into account, the possibility has to be considered that the evolutionary origin of epidermal scales deeply roots among anamniotes."

Soo, the key thing is that these are scales on a lepospondyl, not an amniote! Its not just the age of the trace, but who left it that suggest the origin of these reptilian scales might be even older than amniotic eggs, which IS kinda surprising! But it still makes sense as we're seeing it in a group that is pretty close to amniotes.
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The Aerospace Industry Discussion Thread

The deal, which is subject to regulatory approvals, would result in the breakup of Spirit, with some of the Kansas-based supplier's assets going to French planemaker Airbus(AIR.PA)

I assume this is the factoring making A220 wings in Ireland and the A350 line(s) that I forget the location of — is Spirit currently building anything else major for Airbus?

e: should have searched first. https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/...rbus-enters-agreement-with-spirit-aerosystems

The 2025 Polestar 4: Great steering and a small carbon footprint stand out

Serious question - what's an 'SUV' these days? In my archaic brain, that's something like a Ford Bronco or Toyota 4Runner. This ain't that by any stretch. It has more ground clearance than a Prius but not by a whole lot. 4 doors and a hatch. So, a hatchback? No. It is sort coupe like...

Gonna go see who is walking on my xeriscaping.
Is the term crossover still used? Because this looks like one. I wonder if the chassis is a truck/SUV chassis or if it’s riding on a call chassis.

CHASSIS!
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Doctors pull bee stinger out of man’s bloody eyeball after days of pain

Many years ago I very nearly got hit in the eye by a bumblebee at 40mph - I was out on my motorbike and, in those days of wearing contact lenses, decided to flip my visor down as the wind was starting to dry out my lenses.
Two seconds later, I hit a bumblebee - I saw it coming towards me but didn't have time to duck. It hit my visor directly in front of my right eye (bumblebees make a big splat) and actually rocked my head back.

I'm sooo glad I put my visor down!
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Nature interrupted: Impact of the US-Mexico border wall on wildlife

And since a fish rots from the head, I have no expectation that anyone connected with the construction of the wall that 'Mexico will pay for'...gives a tinker's damn about science, either.
So did the Mexicans pay yet? If not and if I were Trump's competitor, I'd make it one of my selling points. "This time the Mexicans really are going to pay for it". Would be fun to watch those fireworks. Beat the guy with his own tactics.
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Tesla recalls Cybertruck to fix wiper motor and piece that may fly off the car

We do that in the West, too. Lots of places have old fighters on a pedestal somewhere.

A neat list for my home province: https://www.airic.ca/html/onav.html
oh, so its not just here.
i would like to note that they far better left with minimal maintenence (if any) than elmos monstrosity. :D
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The Fall of a Republic? Perpetual French Political thread

Le Monde just published some really good graphs showing the results for RN (brown), Macron's party (yellow) and NFP (pink).

  • Solid colors mark where a candidate from a given party arrived in first place, with the color indicating the percentage.
  • Stars mark where the candidates won in the first round.
  • Hashed colors mark where a candidate arrived in 2nd.
  • Circles mark where the candidate arrived in 3rd or 4th place, and qualified for the second round.

Some analysis:
  • It's just scary in how many places the RN arrived in first place, and managed to win in the first round in their usual bastions (North and Southeast)
  • Macron's party got a single spot in the first round, at least in the metropolitan France.
  • The NFP got second place in several areas, and a lot of votes in the Parisian region.
  • Results in Brittany (Northwest) and in the rural South-ish were way more evenly split than expected.

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Synthetic psychedelic found in candies linked to seizures, intubation

The wack-a-mole you're describing is precisely what the Federal Analogue Drug Act was created for - addressing the availability of 'designer drugs.' This is one of the best examples of what it should cover. It shouldn't matter if it's known enough. The propionyl, butyryl, etc. psilocin derivatives would also dodge routine lab analysis and are lesser known than the acetyl analogue, but they would all still clearly be analogues of a Schedule 1 drug.
fair. i'm not familiar with analysis methods used to detect analogues. are they specific for each of them or are there any nonspecific that would cover multiple ones? if we need to test for separately it seems like a sisyphus task since making new analogue would require additional test.
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The 2025 Polestar 4: Great steering and a small carbon footprint stand out

No, coasting and one-pedal driving are polar opposites. One-pedal driving means braking when lifting, and even before fully lifting. And no, I do not want one-pedal driving in my EV.
You get used to it fast and if properly implemented, it's fantastic!
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What happened today that you liked?

Must be a German thing. I made the mistake of using the orange wiper fluid instead of the blue stuff in my VW, and it now always reports as out of fluid. This is apparently a known thing with an "easy" remedy, but it requires removing the entire front bumper assembly to access.

So I live with an orange light on my dash and a spare bottle of fluid in the back, that I refill when I remember it or when it starts to seem low.
The orange one, specifically the rain-x blend, destroys washer fluid sensors used in most German cars. I think it's a standard Bosch part so it's no good either on French / other European cars.

The cheap generic blue is fine, we top it off with whatever the gas station sells and it's never the OEM stuff. Or just water in the summer lol. Rain-x is applied using the spray bottle glass cleaner, but it's very rare here, need to special order it.


A class action suit vs Rain-x claims it damages:

Volkswagen
Audi
Mini Cooper
BMW
Mercedes Benz
Chrysler

And in the thread a Dodge Ram owner says it killed his too.



It seems to be a Rain-x problem if it affects that many brands, and that's only what is on the USA market. Wouldn't try on anything driving around here.

The 2025 Polestar 4: Great steering and a small carbon footprint stand out

One-pedal driving mode allows the accelerator pedal to also control deceleration by engaging regenerative braking as you lift. With one-pedal mode off, EV motors don't have nearly as much parasitic loss as an ICE drivetrain, so when you lift the car decelerates much more gradually and you can coast in the flow of traffic. One-pedal is best on surface roads, where intersections, no passing zones, and twisties have you in and out of braking frequently. It's not as good on highways, though, where acceleration and regen get in a tug-of-war as you maintain speed. Accelerate-and-coast is smoother and better at preserving range.
Honestly with my Renault Clio hybrid (non-plugin) I love One-pedal on the highway and never want anything else anymore! the regen kicks in gradually, it can be very strong when you lift up your foot too fast, and near non-existant when you lift up a little bit. This is perfect. Even if I need to slowly decelerate (often too slow for the person behind me to notice.. ), I can do so for a while (20-30sec) and charge the tiny 1.2KWh battery a little bit (1 bar, Yess!) without loosing much speed.

Which in turn increases my efficiency. Less fuel. Me happy.
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The 2025 Polestar 4: Great steering and a small carbon footprint stand out

Do they still block you from using the phone projection mode "Android Auto" (as opposed to the car operating system "Android Automotive")? Polestar for the PS2 was one of the few car manufacturers on android automotive that completely blocked android auto phone projection and it made the experience awful. I really wish tech sites would cover the differences because using android automotive with an android phone is basically like using Bluetooth circa 2011. You don't get messages (text or Whatsapp), you don't get notifications and Google's awesome notifications system with quick replies and now AI summarized messages, you can't use any music app other than Spotify (with an extremely poor client), you don't get native calls and the Bluetooth call quality is had, the cellular signal strength is limited to 4G and is worse than your phone, and the version of google maps is noticeably worse (no speed trap warnings, alt routes aren't presented as clearly). Android Automotive by nature of being a whole ass OS controlled by the OEM also gets updated way less often. I get that most tech folks have iPhones and car play will still work on anything not GM, but it really is a huge usability thing for people with androids and I feel like Google's confusing naming scheme has let them slide under the radar.
There is an ability to do phone projection with android automotive but some manufacturers actually prohibit this with an OS level setting. Phone projection was one of the few consumer friendly tech trends to come out the past 10 years and now companies are running away from it as fast as possible and it matters for Android users just as much as it does iOS.
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Maybe it’s time to reassess the risk of space junk falling to Earth

I'm a day behind, so maybe this was addressed earlier, but something in your gutter being magnetic does not mean it's a meteorite.

I guess the thought process is magnets are mysterious and meteorites are mysterious so magnets must be meteorites, but that's simply not correct.
The magnet helps collect them. The next step is to examine them with a microscope to determine whether they are, in fact, micrometeorites. See for example, BBC, Popular Science.

Be aware that using magnets is now frowned upon in some circles because it destroys their magnetic history. Eg MIT News. It probably doesn't matter for microscopic ones found in your gutter which weren't going to be donated to science anyway.
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NASA orders more tests on Starliner, but says crew isn’t stranded in space

If I remember correctly 2 thrusters failed in the second unmanned test, is there any reason they didn't keep that one on station, run two weeks of trials and find the issue then? Instead they called it at 5 days and reported it as a success. Im just surprised they are surprised that the thrusters are failing like last time
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The 2025 Polestar 4: Great steering and a small carbon footprint stand out

I get that lithium is expensive, but those prices to position Polestar into the “premium” segment aren’t doing it, or adoption of EVs any justice.

It also doesn’t have the “premium” feel, judging by the pictures.

BYD, Omoda et als will come for their lunch.
But this is already a Chinese car. Why would they let another domestic maker take their market share?
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ars predictions... does Biden get replaced before the convention

Trump's support is baked in; roughly half the electorate is pretty much down for every single piece of awful shit the Republicans get up to and quite willing to trust Trump over their own lying eyes. If they didn't decisively reject him in 2020 what makes you think they'll reject him now, when the memories of all the bad shit has four years to cool and get argued away?
First: The "Electorate" is everyone who is eligible to vote, not everyone who votes. In 2020, the total number of people in the US was ~331 million, but the total electorate was only ~240 million. Biden got 81 million; Trump got 74 million. So the voting Republicans represent only 30.8% of the electorate. Think of it as a little more than a third of the population votes D, a little less than a third of the population votes R, and the remaining ~third doesn't vote at all. When people get energized, more people vote on both sides, but Democrats benefit from higher turnout more than Republicans.

Second: It's entirely possible that 2020 was peak Trump, that he's not capable of hitting 74 million again. January 6 broke off a sizable number of non-Trumpist Republicans who had believed in him up until that point. Every following scandal, racist comment, and conviction has chipped away more people who had voted on him in the past.

I'm pegging Trump at ~60 million in 2024, plus or minus ten percent. I think Biden can beat that unless the electorate is disillusioned and depressed.
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Mac info-stealer malware distributed through Google ads

Not so.

If you are logged into an admin account and you're doing admin-type things, macOS will ask for your password to allow it to proceed. The main exception, from memory, is dragging and dropping an application into the system-wide Applications folder (but running a package installer requires the password.)

If you are logged into a non admin account and you're doing admin-type things, macOS will ask for an admin username and password to allow it to proceed. This includes dragging and dropping an application into the system-wide Applications folder. You can still do the thing - but only if you know an admin username and the password that goes with it. If you've been set up as a regular user and don't have an admin username/password combo, you can't do admin-type things.

The latter setup - being logged into a non admin account - is how I run my Mac Studio, and how I ran my Mac Pro before it was retired (it's still sitting there, but it's not been powered on in quite some time.) The admin account is there, and I can use the username and password when admin credentials are needed, but my main account has no rights to do admin-type stuff on its own. I have a few family members who also have logins to my Mac Studio, but they don't know the admin username or password, so they can't alter the administrative-level stuff.
I do the same and for the most part it's not too intrusive, plus it adds an additional layer of protection. The one exception is admin stuff from the commandline as you can't sudo with a non-admin account. You have to su to the admin account and then sudo from that. Kind of annoying but fortunately I don't have to do that too often, and it's a price worth paying for some additional security.
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